SUNER-C logo SUN2X-SET logo
SUN2X-SET

Building the European Forum for Direct Solar Fuels

Bringing together leading experts from research, industry, policymaking and civil society to develop Europe's first Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Direct Solar Fuels and support its integration into the SET Plan.

SUN2X-SET
+300
Global community supporters
36
Countries represented
5
Expert working groups

What is SUN2X-SET?

The SUN2X-SET project is an EU-funded project with the overall objective of establishing the EU Forum for Direct Solar Fuels (DSF) R&I, relying on the recognised technical and scientific expertise gathered within the SUNERGY initiative and the SUNER-C project.

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Be part of the community shaping the EU Roadmap and SRIA for Direct Solar Fuels.

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02 — ABOUT THE PROJECT

About the Project

Project Concept

The SUN2X-SET project aims at establishing the first EU Forum for Direct Solar Fuels (DSF), relying on the recognised technical and scientific expertise gathered within the SUNERGY initiative and the SUNER-C project.

SUN2X-SET will set up, coordinate and manage 5 Working Groups of experts from industry, academia, research community, civil society and national and regional authorities, that will:

1
Contribute to monitor, revise and update the SUNER-C Roadmap and Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) into the first EU R&I Roadmap and SRIA on DSF, strengthening the DSF R&I ecosystem.
2
Pave the way for the Forum to become a recognised ETIP within the Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan framework.

What is the SET Plan?

The Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET Plan) is the EU flagship initiative for steering the development of clean and innovative energy technologies. Established back in 2007 and vitally revised in 2023 to support the EU's energy and climate goals, the SET Plan plays a central role in accelerating the transition to a climate-neutral energy system, while also reinforcing Europe's industrial leadership in low-carbon technologies.

2007
SET Plan established
2023
SET Plan revision and revamping
15
Actions across the SET Plan

DSF are currently fragmented across the SET Plan, and SUN2X-SET aims at centralising and establishing a dedicated area on DSF within this energy R&I framework.

THE STRATEGIC INTEGRATION OBJECTIVE
CURRENT SITUATION
Fragmented DSF coverage
Limited and fragmented coverage of DSF technologies in SET Plan, that appear across:
Solar thermal technologies
Renewable Fuels and Bioenergy
Hydrogen
CCUS
SUN2X-SET GOAL
A single EU DSF Forum
SUN2X-SET will aim to gather, unify and deliver coherent information for the SET Plan, supporting the SET Plan Information System (SETIS) in the selection of the most relevant technological breakthrough news and R&I projects on DSF. At the same time, direct synergies will be established with all these IWGs and ETIPs that have an interest to include and expand their R&I activities by addressing DSF.
Dedicated Direct Solar Fuels (DSF) ETIP

What are DSF?

Content coming soon.

Objectives

I
Develop the first EU DSF SRIA and Technological Roadmap
Integrate them into the SET Plan R&I priorities, contributing towards the Green Deal Industrial Plan, the NZIA and ERA policy priorities.
II
Consolidate the DSF ecosystem into a sustainable forum within the SET Plan
Serving not only the DSF sector but the whole renewable energy sector, by establishing links with national authorities and SET Plan country representatives, and ensuring a widened participation from across the EU and Associated Countries — paving the way for ETIP or IWG recognition.

Until that moment, we will support the already existing ETIPs and IWGs by providing R&I inputs from the DSF field, which will also be consolidated within the new DSF Roadmap and DSF SRIA.

Relevant SET Plan Areas to directly support:
Solar Thermal (IWG ST)
Renewable Fuels & Bioenergy
CCUS (ETIP ZEP / IWG CCUS)
Hydrogen (IWG Hydrogen)

Work Packages

The SUN2X-SET consortium is formed by 4 partners. Each partner is involved in the work plan of SUN2X-SET, which is based on five Work Packages aligned with the main objectives.

Three transversal WPs will address the management and coordination activities (WP1), the DSF ecosystem strengthening, engagement and steering (WP2), and the actions linked to communication, dissemination, as well as project sustainability (WP5). These three WPs will all support the implementation of the core WPs of this project, namely the revision and update of DSF R&I priorities, through a new Roadmap and SRIA (WP3), and the SET Plan-related block of work (WP4), aimed at structuring the DSF experts within a single EU Forum with the potential and the ambition to be recognised as a SET Plan ETIP by the project end.

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Lead Partner
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Activities & Focus
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SUNERGY Initiative logo

Sunergy Initiative (2020–22)

SUNERGY is an open community advocating for solar fuels and chemicals as the new paradigm for a climate-neutral Europe in 2050. The community consists of a wide-range group of experts from industry, academia and society. SUNERGY aims at becoming a large European Research and Innovation initiative working towards the conversion and storage of renewable energy into fossil-free fuels and chemicals.

The challenge TEST

The European Union is clear to stay on a steady path to climate neutrality through its plan against greenhouse emissions, the 'Fit for 55' package, with the EU Green Deal as a blueprint. Unless deep cuts are made in carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gas emissions, it will be very challenging to reach that goal. Renewable energy based on photovoltaics and wind energy needs to be supplemented with energy carriers to supply fuels to sectors and processes difficult to electrify, and to create non-fossil carbon feedstock for the chemical industry. These so-called solar fuels and chemicals are most often analogous to their fossil counterparts and can be incorporated into the existing energy value chains with minimal adjustments to the existing infrastructure — based on the transformation of abundant compounds, such as carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen, into synthetic fuels, chemicals and materials by using renewable energy.

The solution

By using energy from renewable sources (sunlight, wind) and abundant molecules (CO₂, water, nitrogen), we can produce fuels and chemicals that contribute to stopping global warming:

  • Storage of renewable energy as fuels
  • Production of fossil-free base chemicals for industry and agriculture
  • Technologies with a negative CO₂ footprint

Our approach

Started under Horizon 2020, SUNRISE and ENERGY-X joined forces under the name SUNERGY. SUNERGY's goal is to develop a large-scale research and innovation initiative, as a public-private partnership or another instrument.

There is an urge to complement the scope of existing European partnerships and initiatives and enable the full decoupling of economic growth from the utilization of resources at the local, regional, national and European levels, for a sustainable resilient growing economy that leaves no one behind.

While current public-private partnerships focus on improvements on the demand side with limited impact, SUNERGY proposes a pipeline of high-impact technologies that boost efficiency on the supply side — with light-to-products and fuel conversion from atmospheric CO₂ at high yields up to 2,500 ton/ha.yr.

Thanks to the SUNER-C project — "SUNERGY Community and Eco-System for Accelerating the Development of Solar Fuels and Chemicals" (EU-funded CSA) — supporters joining the community are able to more easily connect and collaborate with colleagues from around Europe, join interesting events, and contribute to a joint roadmap and supporting strategies.

SUNER-C project logo

Suner-C Project (June 2022 – May 2025)

Under SUNERGY's umbrella, the SUNER-C ("SUNERGY Community and EcoSystem for accelerating the development of solar fuels and chemicals") CSA project was funded by Horizon Europe, and delivered a detailed SRIA and a Technological Roadmap, both outlining a strategic framework for advancing solar fuels and chemicals technologies in alignment with the EU ambitions for industrial sovereignty and climate goals. As the four SUN2X-SET partners sat down before the end of the SUNER-C project to discuss and detail possible scenarios and instruments for a SUNER-C Large Scale Research Initiative (LSRI) beyond 2025, the current call was deemed the most efficient way to transition the SUNERGY and DSF community to the SET Plan framework and to further define its current and future structure.

SUNER-C

The Coordination and Support Action powered by SUNERGY

An EU-funded project (4M€ over 3 years) that built an ecosystem of companies, researchers, societal actors and policymakers to accelerate the transition of solar fuels and chemicals technologies from lab to large-scale industrial application.

SUNER-C project logo
4M€
EU funding (Horizon Europe)
3 yrs
June 2022 – May 2025
30
consortium organizations
12
countries

How can we achieve the EU's goal of becoming the first climate-neutral continent by 2050? SUNER-C is the EU-funded project (4M € over 3 years) coordination and support action on the next generation of energy carriers to replace fossil-fuels. 30 different EU partners gathered together to work on building an ecosystem of companies, researchers, societal actors and policymakers, to accelerate the transition of technologies for the generation of solar fuels and chemicals, from the laboratory to large-scale industrial applications.

The European Union is clear to stay on a steady path to climate neutrality through its plan against greenhouse emissions, the 'Fit for 55' package, with the EU Green Deal as a blueprint. Unless deep cuts are made in carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions, it will be very challenging to reach that goal. Renewable energy based on photovoltaics and wind energy needs to be supplemented with energy carriers to supply fuels to sectors and processes difficult to electrify and to create non-fossil carbon feedstock for the chemical industry. These so-called solar fuels and chemicals are most often analogous to their fossil counterparts and can be incorporated into the existing energy value chains with minimal adjustments to the existing infrastructure. These fuels are based on the transformation of abundant compounds, such as carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen, into synthetic fuels, chemicals and materials by using renewable energy.

SUNER-C is the recent Coordination and Support Action (CSA) powered by SUNERGY Community and funded by the EU programme Horizon Europe (Grant Agreement nr. 101058481). CSAs are projects that convey actions such as dissemination, communication, networking, support services, policy dialogues, studies, strategic plannings, among others.

SUNER-C project, entitled "SUNERGY Community and eco-system for accelerating the development of solar fuels and chemicals", aims to develop and expand the innovation ecosystem for renewable fuels and base chemicals, uniting science, business, societal and other relevant stakeholders. This aggregation aims at developing a common vision and a technological roadmap for accelerating the scale-up of technologies, as key elements towards the EU 2050 target of net-zero emissions.

The sustainable manufacturing of solar fuels and chemicals at the needed scale using a circular economy approach is in sight, but not yet reached without a concerted action between academia, industry, governments, and societal stakeholders. A large-scale, joint action is urgently needed to speed up innovation, and to further develop existing and future relevant technologies. SUNER-C aims at fulfilling this gap by laying the foundation stone for a Large-Scale Research and Innovation (LSRI) initiative at the European level for a decisive push towards circular economy, EU sovereignty and climate change mitigation.

Objectives

The overarching objective of the SUNER-C CSA is to aggregate fragmented knowledge and develop the framework conditions to overcome scientific, technological, organizational and socioeconomic challenges to accelerate innovation and enable the required transition of technologies for solar fuels and chemicals from laboratory or demonstrator level to large-scale industrial and broad societal applications.

Creation of innovation ecosystem on solar fuels and chemicals
Develop a Strategic Technological Roadmap for the broad implementation in the industry and in society
Prepare a Large-Scale Research and Innovation (LRSI) initiative, ready to be launched after the CSA
Promote communication, dissemination and education of the next generation of Europeans

Work Packages

SUNER-C consortium is formed by 30 industry, academic, societal and network organizations in 12 countries. Each partner is involved in the work plan of SUNER-C, which is based on eight Work Packages aligned with the main objectives. WP1 will create an inclusive innovation eco-system around a shared vision on solar fuels and chemicals. On this basis, WPs 2 to 6 will have as objectives: to foster synergies between ongoing projects within the eco-system (WP2); to elaborate a roadmap and a blueprint to implement it (WP3); to develop an exploitation and innovation strategy (WP4); to develop and implement a communication and dissemination plan (WP5); to address socio-technical and cross-cutting aspects (WP6). These WPs cover SUNER-C's lifetime and beyond, with the preparation for the LSRI initiative, treated in WP7. Finally, WP8 is dedicated to the coordination and management of the CSA.

SUNER-C Work Packages diagram: WP1 creation of R&I community and eco-system at the center, WP2 ongoing research activities in the EU, WP3 long-term technological roadmap, WP4 innovation and exploitation, WP5 dissemination communication and education, WP6 socio-technical and cross-cutting aspects, WP7 large-scale R&I initiative beyond the CSA, WP8 project management and coordination

Expected Impacts

SUNER-C aimed at catalysing the development and integration of solar fuels and chemicals at a reduced cost to substitute fossil-based ones, developing a European ecosystem to speed up technology development, ultimately preparing a large-scale R&I initiative within the EU funding landscape.

Expected impacts diagram: Scientific, Economic and Societal impact arrows with supporting bullet points

Outcomes

Do you want to know about the achievements reached so far?

Educational portal
Learn what solar fuels and chemicals are, why they matter, and how we can implement them.
Partners-only area
Intranet space for SUNER-C partners to work and share together.

Contact us

Ask us anything about the SUNER-C CSA project!

SUNER-C project logo

Outcomes — SUNER-C

The main achievements of the SUNER-C CSA are the continuous development of solar fuels and chemicals at reduced costs, the formation of an eco-system to speed up technology deployment from lab to industry, and the preparation of a large-scale R&I initiative. These scientific, technological and socio-economic impacts contribute to the EU and global climate energy goals.

Scientific-technical papers
SUNER-C Deliverables

SUNERGY Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda

Based on the SUNRISE Technological Roadmap, the ENERGY-X Research Needs report and Mission Innovation's IC5 report, a core working group merged and developed these ideas into SUNERGY's Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda on Solar Fuels and Chemicals (SRIA).

SUNER-C Technological Roadmap

Building upon the work done in SUNERGY's SRIA, the SUNER-C Technological Roadmap defines activities and milestones across the period 2022–2050 to resolve bottleneck issues in value chains and reach the overall vision of SUNER-C. Its foundation stone was laid during the Joint Roadmapping Workshop (14–15 June 2022), where expert groups gathered to explore how to overcome R&I roadblocks.

Scientific-technical papers

Our holistic group of experts works on scientific and technical papers to redesign current technologies and processes for the resource-efficient conversion and storage of renewable (solar) energies and abundant feedstocks into fuels and chemicals, considering technology acceptance, digitalization, industrial resilience and equal opportunity.

The chemical engineering aspects of CO₂ capture, combined with its utilisation
Gabriele Centi, Siglinda Perathoner
Read the paper →

SUNER-C Deliverables

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Deliverables link to the public documents currently hosted by the SUNERGY initiative; they will be migrated to the SUN2X-SET Resources page.

SUNER-C News

Stay tuned to the latest news about the project!

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SUNER-C project logo

Projects Portfolio — SUNER-C

We have published a portfolio of research and innovation projects related to the development of sustainable fuels and chemicals that is available here.

Are you participating in a project? Join the SUNER-C community, be part of the portfolio to increase your visibility and collaboration opportunities — contact us!

SUNER-C project logo

Consortium — SUNER-C

The overarching objective of the SUNER-C project was to create an inclusive innovation community and ecosystem that builds on the SUNERGY network and includes new stakeholders across Europe. The SUNER-C consortium was a unique and balanced ecosystem of 30 organisations: 13 academic partners, 13 industrial companies, 4 network organisations and federations, and 1 NGO — working on a strategic roadmap towards the broad implementation of solar fuels and chemicals, with a firm focus on cross-cutting and socio-technical aspects.

Map of SUNER-C consortium members and supporters across Europe SUNER-C consortium partners by category: academia, industry, networks, societal
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Our community is growing!

The SUNERGY Initiative is possible thanks to the support of a variety of institutions representing all the wide-range of stakeholders, from the industrial key actors, to well-known academic and research scientists to the societal role players. SUNERGY is an open community and new supporters are always welcome, with no financial backing required to join the community.

Our last support letter campaign brought us around 95 letters, which together with the support letters sent to the previous initiatives, sum more than 300 supporters. We thank our community for standing behind the initiative and giving us a hand in our work towards the goals of SUNERGY.

Interested in becoming a SUNERGY supporter? If you are interested or if you would like to invite someone to become a SUNERGY supporter, please visit this webpage for more information, and know more about the benefits of becoming a supporter. As a SUNERGY supporter you will easily connect to and collaborate with colleagues from around Europe, join interesting events, and contribute to a joint roadmap and supporting strategies.

Community Mapping

As part of the work developed within the SUNER-C project, SUNERGY mapped the R&D&I actors across the full value chain of solar fuels and chemicals. Help us by letting us know your experience and interests — fill out this form.

For an up-to-date look at the state of CCU/S in the EU and globally, you can also access this database of CCUS projects, built by SUNER-C partner CO2 Value Europe.

📄 Definitions of the target groups and the different competencies are detailed below.

+300 supporters from 36 countries
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TECHNOLOGY RELATED
INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED
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Illustrative sample — the full, live, filterable directory of 300+ mapped organisations is hosted on the SUNERGY platform.

Suner-C Technological Roadmap

One of the objectives of SUNER-C is to develop a Strategic Technological Roadmap identifying short-, medium- and long-term critical milestones towards the broad implementation of solar fuels and chemicals in society.

Based upon a shared vision, the Roadmap defines directions to tackle research and innovation challenges in the field and offers a framework to steer and coordinate stakeholders' work — including a blueprint for implementation, proposed projects and activities, financing, exploitation, and societal and cross-cutting aspects.

Its foundation stone was laid at the Joint Roadmapping Workshop (14–15 June 2022), where expert groups gathered to explore how to overcome R&I roadblocks and define the technological routes towards the SUNER-C objectives.

Technological Roadmap (PDF) — available soon on SUN2X-SET Resources
Suner-C Technological Roadmap Working Groups

Meet the working groups and do not hesitate to reach out to get involved in the process.

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Do you have anything to say?

Would you like to be part of any of the expert groups and help us define the roadmap for the broad implementation of solar fuels and chemicals? Send us your expression of interest and we will contact you soon.

Stay up to date

Subscribe now to the SUN2X-SET biannual newsletter

Sunergy's Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda on Solar Fuels and Chemicals

SUNERGY's Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda on Solar Fuels and Chemicals (SRIA) builds on the SUNRISE Technological Roadmap, the ENERGY-X Research Needs report, and Mission Innovation's IC5 report. A core working group merged and developed these ideas into the SRIA over three years.

A major step forward was the Joint Roadmapping Workshop, uniting over 140 stakeholders from industry, policy and academia on 14–15 June 2022 in Brussels. These actions were enabled by the EU Coordination and Support Action funding, the SUNER-C CSA (Grant Agreement No. 101058481).

How to get involved

Shaping this strategic document for accelerating the technological transition of solar fuels and chemicals starts with you: download the SRIA working document, read through it, and share your opinion or inputs with us. Subscribe to our newsletter to stay informed on future workshops.

Have your say on the SRIA

Read through the working document and tell us your opinion or inputs via this form.

04 — PARTNERS

Partners

GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE
SUN2X-SET Consortium
implementation
Advisory Board
Roadmap Working Groups
Advocacy Working Group

The SUN2X-SET consortium, coordinated by the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA), includes four key partners with complementary expertise and a proven track record of collaboration in solar fuels research, ensuring continuity, efficiency, and a shared commitment to advancing DSF technologies — including 2 European associations and 2 knowledge providers from across Europe.

SUN2X-SET
EERA
Italy · Coordinator
CO2 Value Europe
Belgium
CEA
France
UWA
Poland
EERA
European Energy Research Alliance (EERA)
Coordinator; Leader of WP1 and WP4 (SET Plan).
EERA is Europe's largest clean energy research community, bringing together public research centres and universities active in low-carbon energy research. It connects more than 250 organisations and 50,000 researchers across 30 countries, fostering collaboration and the exchange of knowledge to accelerate the clean energy transition. EERA serves as the Research Pillar of the SET Plan and facilitates the ETIPs Forum, playing a central role in shaping and implementing Europe's strategic energy research agenda. Through its management of four research Joint Programmes on Bioenergy, Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST), Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), and Hydrogen and Fuel Cells (HFC), EERA brings extensive experience in coordinating collaborative research initiatives. This expertise will support the establishment of the Direct Solar Fuels (DSF) Forum within SUN2X-SET. In addition, EERA will act as a bridge between the research community and policymakers, strengthening the project's impact on the implementation of the SET Plan.
CO2 Value Europe
CO₂ Value Europe (CVE)
Leader of WP5 (Communication & Dissemination) and responsible for industrial stakeholder engagement.
CO₂ Value Europe (CVE) is the leading association representing the entire Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) value chain in Europe. Its mission is to advance a circular carbon economy by promoting the sustainable use of CO₂, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions reduction and supporting the transition away from fossil-based resources. The Association brings together more than 120 organisations worldwide from diverse sectors, including industries, start-ups, universities, research and technology organisations, and regional clusters. It also engages a broad network of key stakeholders who share the vision that CCU technologies are necessary to achieve the EU's climate targets. CVE's Scientific Advisory Committee, composed of experts covering the full spectrum of CCU-related disciplines, ensures that the Association's positions and activities are underpinned by robust, independent scientific evidence. The Association was also a key partner in the SET Plan Implementation Working Group 9 (IWG9) through the IMPACTS9 project (2019–2022) and continues to contribute as a relevant stakeholder to the ETIP ZEP community. This experience positions CVE to strengthen industrial engagement and support collaboration across the CCU value chain within SUN2X-SET.
CEA
Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Leader of WP2 (DSF Ecosystem).
CEA is one of Europe's leading research and technology organisations (RTOs) and a key player in scientific and technological research within the energy transition domain. CEA conducts research across four strategic domains: low-carbon energies, defence and security, information technologies, and health technologies. Its multidisciplinary approach brings together engineers and researchers to foster innovation through the integration of fundamental and applied research. Within the field of low-carbon energy, CEA leads dedicated R&D programmes on the Carbon Circular Economy, including Direct Solar Fuels (DSF) technologies. CEA served as Deputy Coordinator of the SUNER-C project and led the Work Package on the Large-scale R&I initiative beyond the CSA, playing a central role in shaping the European DSF research and innovation ecosystem. In addition, CEA developed the European Autonomous Solar Integrated Fuel Station (EASI-Fuel) prototype, which was selected as a finalist for the 2022 EU Horizon Prize "Fuel from the Sun: Artificial Photosynthesis". Building on its scientific excellence and leadership in the DSF field, CEA will lead the development and coordination of the DSF ecosystem within SUN2X-SET.
University of Warsaw
University of Warsaw (UWA)
Technical Leader; Leader of WP3 (Research & Innovation Priorities for DSF).
The University of Warsaw (UWA) is ranked among the world's top 3% of universities in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and has been awarded the European Commission's HR Excellence in Research distinction. The University is internationally recognised for its excellence in fundamental and applied research, including pioneering work in artificial photosynthesis and solar fuels. In 2011, Prof. Joanna Kargul established Poland's first research node dedicated to solar fuels and has since led several projects on the application of robust natural light-harvesting molecular nanomachines for the construction of biohybrid solar cells and solar-to-fuel devices. She has extensive experience coordinating and contributing to major national and international initiatives, including as a Founding Partner of ESF EuroSolarFuels and H2020 SUNRISE consortia, a Member of the Scientific Executive Board of the SUNERGY large-scale R&I initiative, and a coordinator or work package leader of several EU-funded projects, including POLTUR/GraphESol, Solar-driven chemistry/SUNCOCAT and Horizon Europe CL5/SUNGATE, all focused on natural and semi-artificial solar energy conversion systems for solar fuel production. Prof. Kargul also co-led the roadmapping activities of the SUNER-C Coordination and Support Action, together with the European Innovation Council (EIC) Programme Manager, Carina Faber, ensuring continuity from previous European initiatives to SUN2X-SET. Building on this experience, the University of Warsaw will serve as the project's Technical Leader, leading the definition of research and innovation priorities for the Direct Solar Fuels community.

Advisory Board

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Roadmap Working Groups

Role
The 5 Working Groups (WGs) represent the backbone of the EU DSF ecosystem, namely the wider community of DSF. Reactivation of four Technical Working Groups (TWGs) and establishment of one new cross-sectoral WG, encompassing 100+ experts from industry, academia, research community, civil society and national and regional authorities.
Overarching Goal
Monitoring, revision and updating the SUNERGY/SUNER-C Roadmap and Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA). Both documents will provide the foundation for the first EU R&I Roadmap and SRIA on Direct Solar Fuels (DSF).
Composition
Participation will be open to all the most renowned and active Experts in the DSF field (from academia and industry) and related aspects (e.g. socio-technical and cross-cutting aspects). The Experts will be involved in 5 WGs, in direct continuation with SUNER-C work, although with a scope tailored to DSFs. Each WG has 2 leaders who will moderate roadmapping activities. A subgroup representing the 10 WG leaders and other selected Experts will also be established as the Pool of Experts.
WG1 – Direct conversion: Photosynthetic devices
Focuses on the engineering and scaling of artificial photosynthetic devices that capture solar energy and directly convert water and CO₂ into valuable chemical compounds and fuels.
Co-leaders: TBA (to be announced)
WG2 – Direct conversion: Bio-based approaches
Investigates biological and bio-hybrid pathways, using photosynthetic micro-organisms, enzymes, or hybrid systems to manufacture green solar fuels directly.
Co-leaders: TBA (to be announced)
WG3 – Solar-thermal conversion
Explores high-temperature thermo-chemical cycles driven by concentrated solar radiation to split water and CO₂ for syngas and liquid fuel production.
Co-leaders: TBA (to be announced)
WG4 – Sustainable CO₂ sourcing
Determines the technical and socio-economic framework for obtaining CO₂ sustainably (e.g. direct air capture or biogenic sources) as a feedstock for solar fuels.
Co-leaders: TBA (to be announced)
WG5 – Cross-cutting topics
Digitalisation, skills, access/alternatives to CRM, SSH, and access to market + energy justice. SUN2X-SET will establish this group ex novo.
Co-leaders: TBA (to be announced)
Frequency of meetings
Online meetings every 3 months (Sep and Nov 2026), two in-person meetings at the roadmapping workshops.

Advocacy Working Group

Introduction and list of members coming soon.

Partnerships

Collaboration and knowledge exchange with other EU-funded projects, initiatives and relevant stakeholders are central to the SUN2X-SET approach. The consortium is committed to building strong synergies that foster cooperation, address shared challenges and promote the exchange of knowledge, expertise and best practices across the European research and innovation landscape.

By working closely with complementary initiatives, SUN2X-SET strengthens collective efforts to advance Direct Solar Fuels technologies and support the implementation of the SET Plan.

05 — NEWS

News

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Stay up to date

Subscribe now to the SUN2X-SET biannual newsletter

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06 — EVENTS

Events

No upcoming events scheduled — check back soon.
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07 — RESOURCES

Resources

Deliverables

Periodic assessment reports, referred to as "deliverables," must be submitted to the European Commission as part of the continuous assessment process.

This page provides information on and access to the SUN2X-SET project's public reports.*

*The documents on this page may be subject to change following review by the European Commission.

Press Releases

PRESS RELEASE May 2026
New EU-Funded SUN2X-SET Project to Advance Direct Solar Fuels and Strengthen Europe's Clean Energy Future
Backed by the European Union and launched in May 2026, SUN2X-SET will bring together key stakeholders from industry, academia, research, policy, and civil society to establish the EU Forum for Direct Solar Fuels R&I and become a recognised actor under the Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan framework…
Read more (pdf)

Publications

Scientific or Technical Papers

SUN2X-SET will produce a new SRIA on DSF (by May 2027) and a Roadmap (by April 2028), based on the two documents of SUNER-C. SUNERGY's SRIA · Suner-C Technological Roadmap

The SRIA on DSF will outline the necessary technological steps that significantly contribute to reaching Europe's carbon neutrality within the next 25 years. Solutions for the short-to-medium term as well as for the long-term will be presented. The SRIA will also constitute the basis to inform policymakers of the necessary regulatory and financial support for clean technology solutions that can contribute to the ambitious EU goals.

This document will provide a solid basis for the development of a full technological roadmap on DSF through broad consultation with the relevant stakeholders on the best strategies to meet this overarching goal. The document will be prepared by consulting: i) all stakeholders working in the existing four Technological Working Groups founded by SUNERGY in June 2022 and one new cross-cutting aspects WG, during dedicated roadmapping workshops, webinars and other types of consultation, and ii) the SUN2X-SET Advisory Board.

Videos

Videos coming soon.

External funding

Interested in any of these calls? Reach out to SUNER-C for assistance in finding a consortium or partners.

Older fund opportunities →

Endorsement letter

Are you preparing a proposal and your project falls in the scope of sustainable fuels and chemicals? Get a support letter from SUNERGY to enhance your project's proposal!

You can now apply for a SUNERGY support letter for your project if it fits the SUNERGY scope and if at least half of the consortium members are SUNERGY supporters (or Energy-X / SUNRISE supporters who want to become SUNERGY supporters). Please get in touch with us via contact@sunergy-initiative.eu. We will need information about the call, an abstract and a description of the consortium to decide if the project is aligned with the initiative's goals. Please send the information at least two weeks before the call deadline.

LEGAL

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Effective September 2026

In an effort to maintain efficient service while respecting the privacy of those who visit the SUN2X-SET Website and correspond electronically with the SUN2X-SET consortium, the SUN2X-SET project complies with the privacy legislation and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

The SUN2X-SET consortium is committed to keeping users’ e-mail addresses confidential. We do not sell, rent or lease to third parties the emails of partners, event attendees or anyone else with whom we conduct business.

Information Collection and Use

The SUN2X-SET consortium collects personally identifiable information provided by the users, including, but not limited to, users’ names, employers’ names, address(es), telephone, e-mail address and banking information. The SUN2X-SET consortium may use and store such information to:

  • notify users of official SUN2X-SET project activities;
  • provide a product or service requested (e.g. newsletter);
  • analyse, evaluate, and improve visitors’ needs and interests;
  • alert users of SUN2X-SET news, activities, events;
  • other legitimate and lawful business purposes.

The SUN2X-SET consortium uses third parties to operate this website, with whom it may disclose personally identifiable information as needed for them to perform specific tasks under its instructions, subject to this policy and the general applicable GDPR rules.

The SUN2X-SET consortium may disclose personally identifiable information to the proper authorities if it becomes subject to a subpoena or court order, or if it is otherwise legally required to disclose such information. The SUN2X-SET consortium may also use and disclose information about users to establish or exercise its legal rights, to assert and defend against legal claims, or if it believes such disclosure is necessary to investigate, prevent, or take other action regarding actual or suspected illegal or fraudulent activities or potential threats to the physical safety or well-being of any person.

Registration and Order Forms

To enrol in or register in a program, attend SUN2X-SET project’s events, meetings, or conferences, or request products or services, users may be required to fill out a registration or order form and provide personally identifiable information, which the SUN2X-SET consortium will use to process users’ registration or order.

Links

There are links to other websites throughout the website. Please note that the SUN2X-SET consortium is not responsible for the privacy policies of those other sites and hereby disclaims any liability or responsibility in connection with such linked sites.

Updating Personal Information and Participation

You may contact the SUN2X-SET project as set forth below to update your personally identifiable information, opt in to, or opt out of any service at any time. The SUN2X-SET consortium will provide opt-in and opt-out opportunities as applicable to the service or product being offered.

Privacy Policy Updates

Should any changes be made to this privacy policy, the SUN2X-SET consortium will post them on this page with an appropriate explanation.

Acceptance of our Privacy Policy Terms

Using the SUN2X-SET project website indicates the user’s acceptance of its privacy policy. The user’s continued visits to the SUN2X-SET website after changes are posted to this policy will signify the user’s acceptance of those changes.

For further information

E-mail: lili.chatzikonstantinou@co2value.eu

Legislation: eugdpr.org

Last updated: July 2026

The SUN2X-SET website may use cookies and similar technologies to improve user experience and analyse website performance.

Where required by law, non-essential cookies will only be placed after obtaining your consent through the website’s cookie banner. You may manage your cookie preferences at any time through your browser settings or the cookie preference tool available on the website.

Our full cookie policy is published by consortium partner CO2 Value Europe and applies to this website: co2value.eu/cookie-policy.

Cookie categories

Functional Always active
The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.
Preferences
The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.
Statistics
The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes, or exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.
Marketing
The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.

Acknowledgement

The SUN2X-SET project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101268577.

Funded by the European Union

Disclaimer

Views and opinions expressed are, however, those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Credits

SUN2XSET website ©2026. Designed by Olalon.

08 — CONTACT

Contact

PROJECT COORDINATOR
Gabriele Gaffuri
g.gaffuri@eera-set.eu
COMMUNICATION & DISSEMINATION LEADER
Lili Chatzikonstantinou
lili.chatzikonstantinou@co2value.eu

We'd love to hear from you

Do not hesitate to let us know if you have a question, a suggestion, or would like to get involved with the SUN2X-SET Forum.
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